Psalm 55:20-22

New English Translation

Footnotes

1. Psalm 55:20 sn He. This must refer to the psalmist’s former friend, who was addressed previously in vv. 12-14.
2. Psalm 55:20 tn Heb “stretches out his hand against.”
3. Psalm 55:20 tc The form should probably be emended to an active participle (שֹׁלְמָיו, shol^emayv) from the verbal root שָׁלַם (shalam, “be in a covenant of peace with”). Perhaps the translation “his friends” suggests too intimate a relationship. Another option is to translate, “he attacks those who made agreements with him.”
4. Psalm 55:20 tn Heb “he violates his covenant.”
5. Psalm 55:21 tn Heb “the butter-like [words] of his mouth are smooth.” The noun מַחְמָאֹת (makhmaʾot, “butter-like [words]”) occurs only here. Many prefer to emend the form to מֵחֶמְאָה (mekhemʾah, from [i.e., “than”] butter”), cf. NEB, NRSV “smoother than butter.” However, in this case “his mouth” does not agree in number with the plural verb חָלְקוּ (khal^equ, “they are smooth”). Therefore some further propose an emendation of פִּיו (piv, “his mouth”) to פָּנָיו (panayv, “his face”). In any case, the point seems to that the psalmist’s former friend spoke kindly to him and gave the outward indications of friendship.
6. Psalm 55:21 tn Heb “and war [is in] his heart.”
7. Psalm 55:21 tn Heb “his words are softer than oil, but they are drawn swords.”
8. Psalm 55:22 tn The Hebrew noun occurs only here.
9. Psalm 55:22 tn The pronoun is singular; the psalmist addresses each member of his audience individually.
10. Psalm 55:22 tn Heb “he will never allow swaying for the righteous.”